Finnish Factbook

[Galicia–Volhynia]

Updated 29/09/2012

[Galicia–Volhynia]

Council of State information updated (at last) to reflect election changes
17/12/2012

[Galicia–Volhynia]

Council of State and Noble listing both updated.
28/12/2012

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Suomalainen Kuninkaallinen Perhe
Finska Kungafamiljen
The Finnish Royal Family

The Royal Family of Finland consists of people in the Royal House of Hesse.
According to the Finnish Government, the Royal Family includes the following:

The Monarch and his Spouse
His Majesty King Filip I, born 17 September 1970
Her Majesty Queen Laetitia, born born 5 May 1978

The King's Children
HRH Crown Princess Elena, born 5 December 2006
HRH Prince Tito, born 24 August 2008   

The King's Sister
HRH Princess Heleena, Princess of Hesse, born 8 November 1967

[Galicia–Volhynia]

Media In Finland

Newspapers

National Newspapers

Helsingin Sanomat: Finnish-language, daily tabloid. Politically neutral, largest subscription newspaper in Finland.
Hufvudstadsbladet: Swedish-language, daily tabloid. Politically liberal, largest Swedish-language newspaper in Finland
Dagbladet: Swedish-language, daily Berliner. Politically liberal-conservative.
Ilta-Sanomat: Finnish-language, daily "evening tabloid". Politically neutral.
Iltalehti: Finnish-language, daily "evening tabloid". Politically neutral, largest of the two evening papers.
Aamulehti: Finnish-language, daily broadsheet. Politically conservative, second-largest Finnish newspaper. 
Eteenpäin: Finnish-language, daily tabloid. Left-wing, organ of the Finnish Communist Party and its allies.
Izvestia (Известия): Russian-language daily broadsheet. Largest Russian newspaper, politically liberal.
Kommersant (Коммерсантъ): Russian-language daily Berliner. Focuses on politics and business news, editorially on the centre-right

Regional Newspapers

Helsinki Times: Weekly English-language newspaper, focusing on Helsinki but with some national focus. Primarily serves the ex-patriot and immigrant communities.
Keskisuomalainen: daily Finnish newspaper published in Jyväskylä, serving central Finland. Oldest Finnish-language newspaper.
Etelä-Suomen Sanomat: daily Finnish newspaper published in Lahti, serving Southern Finland and Viipuri.
Kaleva: daily Finnish newspaper published in Oulu, serving Oulu and the surrounding region.
Ålandstidningen: Swedish-language newspaper published six days a week, serving the Åland Islands. One of two papers to do so.
Nya Åland: Second-largest newspaper in the Åland Islands. Published daily.
Åbo Underrättelser: Swedish-language newspaper serving Turku and Åboland. Published Tuesday-Saturday. Politically neutral though the editorials lean left.
Vasabladet: Second-largest Swedish newspaper, daily tabloid. Published in Vaasa, serving Ostrobothnia.
Borgåbladet: Swedish-language tabloid newspaper serving Porvoo and Uusimaa. Published five times a week.
Lapin Kansa: Finnish-language tabloid, published in Rovaniemi, serving Lapland and Northern Finland. Published Monday-Saturday.
Min Áigi: Predominantly Northern Sámi-language (though publishes articles in Skolt and Inari Sámi also), bi-weekly broadsheet. Focuses on Sámi affairs, politically neutral.
Áššu: Predominantly Northern Sámi-language (though publishes articles in Skolt and Inari Sámi also) tabloid, published Monday-Saturday. Focuses on Sámi affairs, politically neutral.
Sápmelaš: multi-lingual Finnish and Northern, Inari, Skolt, and Kildin Sámi language broadsheet published twice weekly. Predominantly focuses on Sámi affairs. Politically neutral.
Karjalan Sanomat: daily, Karelian/Finnish-language tabloid published in Äänislinna. Politically liberal. Largest newspaper in Karelia
Carelia: daily, Karelian/Finnish tabloid, published in Aunus, politically conservative.
Oma Mua: Weekly, Olonets-Karelian (though in the Lyydilaine supplement publishes articles in Ludic also) tabloid, published in Aunus. Focuses on Livvi-Karelian affairs, politically neutral.
Eesti Päevaleht: daily, Estonian-language tabloid, largest newspaper in Estonia. Politically neutral.
Õhtuleht: daily, Estonian-language tabloid, politically liberal, second-largest newspaper in Estonia.
Sõnumileht: daily, Estonian-language tabloid, politically conservative, third-largest newspaper in Estonia.
Uma Leht: fortnightly, Võro-language newspaper, focuses on South Estonian and Võro affairs and culture, politically neutral.
Delovoy Petersburg (Деловой Петербург): Daily, Russian-language newspaper focusing on news and business in Pietari and Ingria. Politically neutral.
Kodima: fortnightly, Veps-language newspaper, focusing on Veps affairs and culture. Politically neutral

[Galicia–Volhynia]

Suomen Kansallislaulu
Finlands Nationalsång
Soome Riigihümn
Гимн Финляндии
The National Anthem of Finland

The National Anthem of the Kingdom of Finland is Maamme or in Swedish Vårt Land.
A Russian translation, Наш край (Naš kraj), and an Estonian version
Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm are also authorised.

Finnish Version
Oi maamme, Suomi, synnyinmaa, soi, sana kultainen!
Ei laaksoa, ei kukkulaa,ei vettä, rantaa rakkaampaa
kuin kotimaa tää pohjoinen,maa kallis isien.

Sun kukoistukses kuorestaankerrankin puhkeaa;
viel' lempemme saa nousemaansun toivos, riemus loistossaan,
ja kerran laulus, synnyinmaakorkeemman kaiun saa.

Swedish Version
Vårt land, vårt land, vårt fosterland, ljud högt, o dyra ord!
Ej lyfts en höjd mot himlens rand, ej sänks en dal, ej sköljs en strand,
mer älskad än vår bygd i nord, än våra fäders jord!

Din blomning, sluten än i knopp, skall mogna ur sitt tvång;
Se, ur vår kärlek skall gå opp ditt ljus, din glans, din fröjd, ditt hopp.
Och högre klinga skall en gång vår fosterländska sang!

Russian Version
Наш край, наш край, наш край родной, — О, звук, всех громче слов!
Чей кряж, растущий над землёй, чей брег, встающий над водой, любимей гор и берегов
Родной земли отцов?

Он расцветёт, твой бедный цвет, стряхнув позор оков, и нашей верности обет
Тебе дарует блеск и свет, и наша песнь домчит свой зов
До будущих веков.

Estonian Version
Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm, kui kaunis oled sa!
Ei leia mina iial teal see suure, laia ilma peal, 
Mis mul nii armas oleks ka, kui sa, mu isamaa!

Sa oled mind ju sünnitand ja üles kasvatand;
sind tänan mina alati ja jään sull' truuiks surmani,
Mul kõige armsam oled sa, mu kallis isamaa!

[Galicia–Volhynia]

Autonominen Pietarin Kaupunki/Självstyrande Staden av S:t Petersburg
Autonomous City of Pietari/St Petersburg

Flag


Geography
Capital: Pietari
Districts (piiri): Amiraliteettin, Vasilinsaarin, Viipurin, Kalininin, Kirovin, Kolpinan, Krasnogvardeiskin, Retusaaren, Kurortin, Moskovan, Nevan, Petrogradin, Pietarhovin, Primorjen, Puškinin, Fruzen, Pietarin Keskustan
 
Major Cities: Kolpina, Kraassela, Retusaari, Pietarhovi, Siestarjoki, Puškin

Economy
Major Industries: Manufacturing, Finance, Shipbuilding, Retail
Major Airports: Pietari Pulkovo International Airport
Major Ports: Retusaari

Politics
Governor: N/A

Premier: Elections have not yet been held
Ruling Party: Elections have not yet been held

Demographics
Population: 4, 879, 566
Language: Finnish, Russian

[Galicia–Volhynia]

Updated 20/08/2014

[Galicia–Volhynia]

Government of Estonia
Valitsus Eesti
Viron hallitus
Estlands Regeringen
Правительство Эстонии

Governor - Edgar-Johan Kuusik

Premier - Sven Mikser (SDE)
Deputy Premier - Taavi Rõivas (SDE)
Minister of Finance - Rein Lang (SDE)
Minister of Justice - Jevgeni Ossinovski (SDE)
Minister of Economic Affairs and Infrastructure - Heino Rüütel (EÜVP)
Minister of Health and Labour - Tanja Mihhailova (EÜVP)
Minister of Education, Research and Culture - Nikita Panin (EÜVP)
Minister of Agriculture and the Environment - Kalvi Kõva (SDE)

The Estonian Provincial Assembly (Maapäev) meets in Toompea Castle. It is composed of 101 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation.

[Galicia–Volhynia]

Government of Eastern Karelia
Itä-Karjalan Hallitus
Östkarelens Regeringen
Правительство Восточной Карелии

Governor: Yrjö Yrjö-Koskinen, Duke of Savolax and Karelia

First Minister - Veikko Vennamo (KSDP)
Deputy First Minister - Ahti Karjalainen (KSDP)
Minister of Justice - Larisa Zhdanova (KHP)
Minister of Economic Policy and Taxes - Jaakko Mäki (KSDP)
Minister of Agro-Industrial Policy and Village Development - Hertta Kuusinen (KSDP)
Minister of Social Policy - Armas Äikiä (KSDP)
Minister of the Environment and Natural Resources - Pavel Prokkonen (KHP)
Minister of Housing Policy, Housing and Public Utilities and Energy - Anna Pozdnyakova (KHP)
Minister of Education, Culture, Sport and Youth Affairs - Alexander Lyushin (KHP)

The Karelian Senate (Karjalan Senaatti) is composed of 125 members, each elected for a four-year term by proportional representation.

[Galicia–Volhynia]

Autonomous City of Pietari/St Petersburg City Administration
Kaupungin Hallitus Autonomisen Pietarin Kaupungin
Kommunala Administrationen av Autonoma Staden S:t Petersburg
Муниципального Администрация автономного города Санкт-Петербурга

Governor

Mayor
Councillor for City Improvement & Roads
Councillor for Housing Policy
Councillor for Science and Higher Education
Councillor for Public Health
Councillor for Economy, Trade & Finances
Councillor for Energetic & Engineering Support
Councillor for City Planning & Architecture
Councillor for Culture & Sport
Councillor for Justice, Legal Order & Safety
Councillor for Use of Natural Resources, Environment Protection & Environmental Safety
Councillor for Education
Councillor for Land Resources, Land Development & Construction

Each Councillor chairs a committee responsible for each department. The Mayor is elected directly for a five-year term. The City Council is chosen by the Mayor and Governor from members of the Mayor's political party, and it meets in the Smoly Institute. The City Council is the executive branch.

The Legislative Assembly meets in the Mariinsky Palace. The Assembly is also elected directly for a five-year term. 

NB. Once elections are held, the council positions will be filled.

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The Supreme Court of Finland
Suomen Korkein Oikeus
Finlands Högsta Domstolen
Soome Riigikohus
Верховный Суд Финляндии

The Supreme Court of Finland (KKO) is located in Helsinki at the Court House of the Supreme Court. It consists of a President and 15 judges, who usually convene in five-member panels. An en banc session of the court is rarely convened, unless a case is unusually complex or important.

The most important function of the Supreme Court is to rule on important points of law in cases which are significant for the entire legal order, guiding the administration of justice in future cases. The Supreme Court gives advice to the King in cases concerning the right to grant a pardon and to the Ministry of Justice in cases concerning extradition. It may provide legal opinions on Government Bills at different stages of the legislative process, and the King may consult it on Bills passed by Parliament before ratifying them. The Supreme Court may also approach the King on its own initiative, and propose enactment of a new Parliament Act or an amendment to an existing Act. It is the final court of appeal in the Kingdom, and hears cases referred to it by lower courts in Eastern Karelia, Ingria, Åland, Estonia, and the Autonomous City of Pietari/St Petersburg.

The Court is divided into three chambers: Administrative Chamber, the Civil Chamber, and the Criminal Chamber. An Intercameral (ad hoc) panel is summoned to solve disputes between chambers of the court regarding interpretation of the law and to decide on intra-court disputes on jurisdiction. An intercameral panel is summoned and presided over by the Chief Justice and includes two Justices from all relevant ordinary chambers. Decisions of the intercameral panel are binding for lower chambers, unless they are overruled by the Court en banc.

Judges of the Supreme Court

Pauliine Koskelo (President)
Kati Hidén
Kari Kitunen
Gustav Bygglin
Liisa Mansikkamäki
Pertti Välimäki
Pasi Aarnio
Indrek Teder
Priit Pikamäe
Tõnu Anton
Villu Kõve
Eerik Kergandberg
Lea Laarmaa
Viktor Novosyolov
Henrik Appelqvist
Leif Sevón

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Law Enforcement in Finland
Suomen Poliisi
Polisen i Finland
Soome Politsei
Полиция Финляндии

The State Police (Valtiollinen Poliisi / Statspolisen, Valpo/Stapo) are the central organisation for law enforcement and crime prevention in the Kingdom of Finland. Their function is to maintain general law and order, prevent crime, investigate crime and other events that threaten public order and safety, to carry out traffic control and surveillance and promote traffic safety, and perform all other duties prescribed by law or otherwise assigned to the police in their area. They are organised into ten regional bureaux covering the whole country. 

Owing to the  Åland Islands' special constitutional relationship within the Kingdom of Finland, an independent police agency (Police Authority of the Åland Islands, Ålands Polismyndighet) operates on the islands. The Police Authority is, however, answerable to the State Police bureau of Southern Finland.

The National Bureau of Investigation (Keskusrikospoliisi / Centralkriminalpolisen, KRP/CRP) is a nation-wide division of the police. Its primary mission is to combat international, organized, professional, white-collar and other serious domestic crime.

The Security Intelligence Service (Suojelupoliisi / Skyddspolisen, Supo/Skypo) specialises in preventing security threats and participates in protecting the parliamentary democracy as well as protecting the nation's security interests. Its central duties include counter-terrorism, counter-intelligence, preventing internal security threats within the nation, pre-emptive security work and guard work.

[Galicia–Volhynia]

State Railways
Valtionrautatiet
Statsjärnvägarna
Государственная Железнодорожная Компания

State Railways (VR Group) is the state-owned rail company in the Kingdom of Finland. Its most important function is the operation of freight and passenger rail services; its subsidiary (Ratahallintokeskus / Banförvaltningscentralen) is responsible for railway maintenance, administration, and construction.

Commuter Services

Helsinki Within the municipalities of Espoo, Helsinki, Kauniainen, Kerava, Kirkkonummi and Vantaa, the system uses tickets that are interchangeable with the bus, metro and tram networks managed by the Helsinki Region Transport. The network is composed of 14 separate services, pictured in the network map below. They operate on all four branches of the railway lines that begin at the Helsinki Central railway station, which is where they all terminate. The system has a total of 55 stations, 14 of which are within the city of Helsinki.

Tallinna Commuter rail service runn from Tallinn's main rail station in two main directions. The eastbound line goes to Aegviidu. The westbound line goes to the town of Keila, where it divides into two branches continuing towards the cargo-harbour city of Paldiski and inland to Riisipere. The Paldiski branch splits at Klooga, with a short spur going to the beach at Klooga-rand.

Pietari/St Petersburg
Services run from Finland Station to Siestarjoki, Koivisto, Terijoki, and Käkisalmi.

Inter-City Services

Estonia Inter-City Services in Estonia are operated by Eesti Raudtee and Elron (Eesti Liinirongid), both of which are subsidiaries of VR.
Selected Services Include:
Tallinna-Tartu, Valga, Türi, Viljandi, Tapa, Narva, Orava, Koidula and Pärnu
Tallinna-Helsinki
Tallinna-Pietari-Aunus

Karelia Inter-City Services are operated by Karelian Trains (a subsidiary of VR) and VR.
Selected Services Include:
Aunus-Äänislinna-Muurmanni
Pietari-Sorokka-Muurmanni
Pietari-Aunus-Äänislinna

Pietari/Ingria
Pietari-Viipuri-Helsinki

Finland